World Ovarian Cancer Day, observed annually on May 8, raises awareness about the disease. Symptoms such as bloating, pelvic pain and frequent urination often go unnoticed, so many cases are diagnosed at a late stage, making treatment challenging. World Ovarian Cancer Day highlights the need for early detection of the disease, better treatment options and increased support for those affected. In this blog, we discuss the importance of the day, the seriousness of ovarian cancer, and how raising awareness can make a difference. Let’s start by learning how World Ovarian Cancer Day came about and what it signifies.
History and Significance of World Ovarian Cancer Day
World Ovarian Cancer Day was created in 2013 by a group of ovarian cancer advocacy organisations worldwide. The idea arose from a meeting of world leaders who recognised the urgent need to raise global awareness of this often-ignored disease. Despite being one of the deadliest gynaecological cancers, ovarian cancer receives far less attention than other cancers, mainly because its symptoms are vague and often ignored until the disease reaches advanced stages.
By choosing May 8 as a day of action, organisers sought to amplify the voice of ovarian cancer: a voice that could educate, encourage early diagnosis, and facilitate better access to treatment and support. Over the years, World Ovarian Cancer Day has grown into a global movement, with campaigns, survivor stories, and community events sparking conversations and improving understanding.
In recent years, the World Ovarian Cancer Coalition has adopted a long-standing campaign theme, “No Woman Left Behind.” This theme underscores a commitment to ensuring that all women, regardless of their background or where they live, have access to the necessary knowledge, early diagnosis, and effective treatment for ovarian cancer.
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a type of growth that originates in the ovaries, the small organs in the female pelvis that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone. It happens when abnormal cells in the ovary grow out of switch and can feast to other parts of the body if not detected early. There are different types of ovarian cancer, but the most common is epithelial cancer. What makes this disease especially serious is that in its early stages, it often has no apparent symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose until it has become advanced. Initial detection can improve the chances of successful treatment, which is why awareness is so important.
What Causes Ovarian Cancer?
The cause of ovarian cancer is still not fully unspoken, but several factors are known to increase the risk. These include a combination of hereditary, environmental, and hormonal influences. Here are some of the most common risk factors:
- Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
- Inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2
- Age, especially women over 50 or postmenopausal
- Endometriosis is a condition where tissue alike to the lining of the uterus grows outside it
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), especially long-term use
- Infertility or never having been pregnant
- Personal history of certain cancers, like breast cancer or bowel cancer
Ovarian cancer often begins when cells in or near the ovaries change their DNA, leading to uncontrolled growth. However, having one or more risk factors doesn’t mean a woman will develop the disease—it only increases the likelihood. Researchers are still exploring what triggers these changes and how to detect them earlier.
Common Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Ovarian cancer can be challenging to notice early because its symptoms are often subtle and can mimic common digestive or bladder problems. Many women may initially dismiss these signs, but when symptoms persist or are unusual for your body, they should not be ignored.
Here are some symptoms to watch out for:
- Persistent bloating: Feeling full or swollen in your abdomen that doesn’t go away with time or diet changes.
- Pelvic or abdominal pain: Continuous discomfort, cramping, or pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvic area.
- Changes in appetite: Feeling full quickly after eating small amounts or having difficulty finishing meals.
- Frequent urination: Urinating additional often than usual or feeling an urgent need, even when your bladder isn’t complete full.
- Unexplained weight loss or gain: Losing weight without trying, or in some cases, gaining weight due to fluid buildup (ascites).
- Changes in bowel habits: Constipation, diarrhoea, or feeling like your bowel doesn’t empty.
- Fatigue: Ongoing tiredness or lack of energy that doesn’t improve with rest.
- Back pain or pain during sex: Some women also report lower back pain or discomfort during intercourse.
These symptoms may come and go, but if they occur frequently (more than 12 areas per month) or persist for several weeks, it’s essential to see a doctor.
Can Ovarian Cancer Be Detected Early?
Detecting ovarian cancer early is challenging because the disease often develops without apparent symptoms in its initial stages. Unlike cervical cancer, there is no monotonous screening test currently recommended for women without symptoms or strong risk factors.
However, specific steps can help improve the chances of early detection:
- Paying attention to symptoms: Persistent bloating, pelvic pain, and changes in appetite or urination should not be ignored. Recognising unusual, ongoing symptoms and reporting them to a doctor can lead to earlier investigation.
- Regular health check-ups: Although there’s no specific test for ovarian cancer, pelvic examinations during routine check-ups can sometimes detect abnormalities.
- Risk-based monitoring: Women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, or known genetic mutations (like BRCA1 or BRCA2), may benefit from more focused monitoring, including transvaginal ultrasound and blood tests like CA-125.
It’s important to note that these methods aren’t foolproof and may help identify the disease in its earlier stages, especially in women already known to be at higher risk.
How is Ovarian Cancer Treated?
Treatment for ovarian cancer often involves a combination of treatments depending on the type and stage of the disease, overall well-being, and personal preferences, such as fertility. Most women will receive surgery and chemotherapy, and in some cases, other treatments may be added to improve outcomes or control recurrence.
Surgery
Surgery is often the first step in action. The aim is to remove as much of the cancer as possible—a process called debulking or cytoreductive surgery. The extent of operation depends on how far the cancer has spread:
- In early-stage cases, one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes may be removed.
- In advanced stages, surgery may also involve removing the uterus, nearby lymph nodes, and a layer of fatty flesh in the abdomen called the omentum.
- Sometimes, surgery is done after a few cycles of chemotherapy to shrink the tumour and make removal easier.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses influential drugs to kill cancer cells and is usually given after surgery. It may also be provided beforehand if the tumour needs to be reduced in size before surgery. This treatment is given in cycles over several weeks or months and may be given intravenously or, in some cases, directly into the abdomen.
Side effects such as fatigue, nausea, temporary hair loss, and a weakened immune system are common but can be managed with supportive measures.
Targeted Therapy
Some women are treated with new approaches that target specific weaknesses in cancer cells. These treatments aim to interfere with the growth and spread of cancer. They are often used in women with an increased risk of recurrence or a genetic predisposition, and are also offered after chemotherapy to help prevent cancer recurrence.
Hormone Therapy
For some hormone-sensitive ovarian cancers, hormone-blocking treatments can help slow tumour growth. They are often used for slow-growing tumours or when surgery or chemotherapy are not the best options.
Radiation Therapy
Although radiation therapy is not usually used to treat ovarian cancer, it may be recommended in certain situations, especially to treat small areas of recurrent cancer or to relieve symptoms in advanced cases.
How Can You Help Raise Awareness About Ovarian Cancer?
Raising awareness about ovarian cancer is key to promoting early detection, increasing research efforts, and supporting those affected. Even small actions can help spark important conversations and make a meaningful impact. Here are some ways to get involved:
- Learn and share: Start by educating yourself and others about the symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of early diagnosis. Share this information with friends and family or on social media to help others stay informed.
- Support awareness campaigns: Participate in or promote awareness events, especially around World Ovarian Cancer Day on May 8. Wearing teal—the official awareness colour—can be a simple but powerful way to show support.
- Encourage regular health check-ups: Remind the women in your life to speak to their doctors if they experience unusual symptoms. Early medical advice can make a big difference.
- Donate or fundraise: Consider supporting organisations that fund ovarian cancer research, provide patient support, or run public awareness initiatives. Fundraising events like walks, virtual challenges, or charity drives can also help raise money and awareness.
- Listen and support: Sometimes, the best way to raise awareness is by simply being there for someone going through ovarian cancer. Listening, offering help, or checking in can go a long way.
Awareness starts with conversations—by speaking up and sharing facts, you help reduce stigma and give more women a chance at early diagnosis and better outcomes.
Final Thoughts
World Ovarian Cancer Day reminds us that awareness is just the beginning; action is needed. If this day inspires even one person to recognise a symptom, ask a question or book an appointment, you’ve done something important. At Max Hospital, our dedicated gynecologic oncologists are here to support you every step of the way. If you’ve noticed health changes or are simply unsure, it’s time to listen to your body. Contact Max Hospital and speak to a specialist today.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can ovarian cancer run in families even if only distant relatives had it?
Yes, having a family history of ovarian cancer, even in distant relatives, can increase your risk. It may be helpful to talk to your doctor about genetic testing or counselling to better understand your risk level.
Is it possible to get ovarian cancer after menopause?
Ovarian cancer can happen at any age, nonetheless it remains more commonly identified in women over the age of 50, particularly after menopause.
Does having regular gynaecological check-ups lower my risk?
While routine exams do not prevent ovarian cancer, they can help detect signs that may require further testing. Pelvic exams and discussion of any unusual symptoms are still important.
Are there any lifestyle changes that may help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer?
Staying physically active, upholding a healthy weight, and talking to your doctor about long-term birth control may help reduce your risk slightly. These options are part of overall health care, although they don’t guarantee prevention.
Can ovarian cysts turn into cancer?
Most ovarian cysts are benign and go away on their own. However, persistent or complex cysts, especially after menopause, should be monitored more closely because there is a slight chance that they are cancerous.
How often should I see a doctor if I have a family history of ovarian cancer?
Your doctor may recommend additional frequent visits or specific screening tests based on your family history. In some cases, preventive strategies or genetic testing may be recommended.
Is fertility affected by ovarian cancer treatment?
Treatment may affect fertility, especially if both ovaries need to be removed. If you want to have children in the future, it is important to discuss fertility preservation options before starting treatment.
Can ovarian cancer come back after treatment?
Yes, relapse is possible, especially in advanced ovarian cancer. Regular monitoring and ongoing care can help detect any signs of relapse.